sent a statement to the House Interior Committee that said, вЂњThere is, to date, no evidence of leukemia or of radiation illness. On March 14, 1963, Assistant Secretary of the Interior John A. While the 1963 medical survey was still under way on Rongelap, Kennedy administration officials in Washington pressed for quick passage of the Rongelap compensation bill. That trust fundвЂ™s interest yielded an insignificant $15 per person, per year. There, a $300,000 trust fund had been established six years earlier to pay the Bikinians for use of their atoll for nuclear tests. The approach followed what had been done six years earlier, in 1957, for the Bikini people. In formulating that draft of the legislation, Interior Department officials considered the obvious problem of giving roughly $11,000 directly to men, women, and children who had no experience in handling that amount of money and whose society did not normally deal in cash. It also said that a recipient could withdraw his or her share of their principal if needed upon special request to the secretary of Interior, at that time Stuart Udall, who under the draft legislation would control the overall trust fund. Under the legislation, an individual would receive each year the interest accrued on his or her share. Wayne Aspinall (D-CO), chairman of the House Interior Committee, had introduced a Kennedy administration compensation bill for the Rongelapese that called for the establishment of a trust fund of $1 million with each of the 82 exposed Rongelap people having an equal share. The two Rongelap boys both showed delayed growth patterns and an inability to concentrate on work, whether at school, as was the case with one boy, or at home, as was the situation with the other.Д®arly in 1963, Rep. A deficiency of thyroxin is marked by sluggishness, slow speech patterns, a thickening of the skin, and, in children, cretinism. The thyroid is one of several glands that regulate the chemical content of blood, its principal job being to pick up iodine that enters the bloodstream and use it in making the thyroid hormone called thyroxin.ДЄn excess of thyroxin results in over-activity-fast heartbeat, high blood pressure, and rapid cell growth.

It rests on either side of the windpipe and is attached below the larynx by a thin tissue. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland, slightly less than an inch in adults and smaller by half in children. ConardвЂ™s restudy put the radiation dose to a childвЂ™s thyroid gland at 1,050 rads, a level high enough to cause eventual trouble. That first study, nine years earlier, had detected low levels of radioactive iodine, but missed some shorter-lived iodine isotopes. In the survey done in March 1963, the doctorsвЂ™ attention was initially focused on two boys who had been one-year-olds at the time of the fallout. Conard and pediatricians he brought with him to Rongelap carefully watched the slow development of several children who had been exposed to the 1954 fallout. Beginning in 1956, as an employee of the Atomic Energy CommissionвЂ™s Brookhaven National Laboratory, Conard led annual medical examinations of the Rongelapese.

Conard, a former Navy doctor who was among those who first examined the Marshall Island natives after Bravo, discovers a new impact of the radioactive fallout on children. What follows is an excerpt of Blown to Hell: AmericaвЂ™s Deadly Betrayal of the Marshall Islanders, where Dr.

Nuclear fallout rained down on inhabitants of atolls more than 100 miles away, including Rongelap. During the 1954 Castle Bravo test over Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands, America executed its largest nuclear detonation, a thousand times more powerful than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima.

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